Do You Need a Computer to Make Sound with a MIDI Keyboard?

Contrary to popular belief, a MIDI keyboard does not generate sound by itself. Instead, it transmits MIDI data to connected devices or software that produce the sound. This article explores the nuances of MIDI keyboards, whether they need a computer to produce sound, and different setups used in music production.

Basic Understanding of MIDI

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a protocol that links instruments, computers, controllers, and recording equipment. While it's essential for communication between devices, it does not produce sound on its own. The task of generating sound is typically handled by separate devices like sound modules or synthesizers, or by music production software running on a computer.

MIDI Keyboards with Built-in Sounds

Many MIDI keyboards, especially those aimed at home users or beginners, come with built-in sounds. These keyboards can function as standalone instruments, requiring only a power supply to be used. This makes them ideal for leisure or simple practice without needing a computer or additional hardware. Cheaper models under €100 often fall into this category and can be a great entry point for beginners.

MIDI Controllers for Professional Use

For more advanced users, especially those in professional settings, MIDI controllers serve a different purpose. These keyboards are designed to interface with sound modules or software running on a computer. In such setups, the MIDI controller is used to trigger and manipulate sounds. These controllers often have advanced features, such as velocity-sensitive keys, which allow for precise control over sound parameters.

MIDI Setup Examples

Let's consider two setups for better understanding:

MIDI Controller Keyboard with Computer

A common setup involves connecting a MIDI controller keyboard to a computer via USB. Once connected, the software running on the computer takes over the processing of sound. This setup often includes dedicated software like Kontakt for loading and manipulating samples, or Cubase and Logic for running samplers within their software environments. In this scenario, the MIDI controller primarily functions as a controller, sending signals to the software, which then generates the sounds.

Standalone MIDI Keyboard

For quick and simple usage, there are standalone MIDI keyboards that do not require additional hardware or software. These keyboards come with built-in sounds, amplification, and speakers, making them easy to use and instantly playable. Users can press a button, and the keyboard is ready to play without the need for setting up a computer or additional equipment. This setup is perfect for beginners or casual musicians who just want to play without complications.

Professional Setup

My current professional setup involves two MIDI controllers, each connected to a computer running Cubase. Within Cubase, I use Kontakt for sample-based sound generation, along with other instruments and sample libraries. The sound output is routed through an external audio card to high-end studio monitors. While this setup offers superior sound quality and versatility, it requires a more complicated setup process.

Conclusion

Whether you need a computer to make sound with a MIDI keyboard depends on your needs and the specific setup you choose. For a quick and simple setup, a standalone keyboard with built-in sounds might be perfect. For more advanced and versatile sound production, a MIDI controller connected to a computer with specialized software is necessary. Understanding the differences between the two can help you choose the right setup for your music production needs.