Does an Electric 12-String Guitar Need Special Strings?
The question of whether an electric 12-string guitar requires special strings is commonly asked among guitar enthusiasts and beginners. The answer might initially seem complex, but let's break it down to provide a comprehensive understanding.
Understanding the Basics: Differences Between 12-String Guitars
12-string guitars, whether acoustic or electric, are unique in their string configuration and tuning. The primary difference lies in the number of strings, which, as the name suggests, is 12, arranged in six courses of two strings each. This guitar has a rich and complex sound, characterized by its full tone and additional harmony provided by the double strings.
Do Electric 12-String Guitars Need Special Strings?
Option 1: Dedicated Strings for Electric 12-String Guitars
The smartest choice, especially for those who prioritize sound quality and longevity, is to invest in a set of dedicated strings made for electric 12-string guitars. These strings are designed specifically to meet the unique demands of this type of guitar. They address the specific tuning requirements and ensure that the lower courses of the guitar are tuned to differing octaves, which is crucial for achieving the desired sound.
The key components you need to consider are the gauges of the strings. Typically, electric 12-string guitar strings come in a heavier gauge because they are designed to sustain the additional tension of the double strings. The gauges for the standard strings might be 010, 014, 023, 030, 039, and 047, while the octave strings (G, D, A, and low E) are a bit lighter at 010, 014, 009, 012, 018, and 027. These gauges help in maintaining the guitar's tuning stability and sound projection, especially when played through an amplifier.
Option 2: DIY with Regular 6-String Strings
For guitarists on a budget or those who want to experiment, you can start with regular 6-string electric guitar strings. However, to get the full 12-string experience, you will need to duplicate the high E and B strings and adjust their gauges to match the octave strings. This means you will have 12 strings, but some will be slightly heavier than others, which can affect the guitar's tuning and overall sound.
String Set Examples
Two popular brands, Elixir, and Heritage, offer specific sets tailored for 12-string guitars. Elixir, for instance, provides a two-pack of light strings suitable for 12-strings, with gauges of 0.010, 0.014, 0.023, 0.030, 0.039, and 0.047 for the standard strings. The octave strings, or Elixir strings that are mimicked with 6-string strings, would have gauges of 0.010, 0.014, 0.009, 0.012, 0.018, and 0.027. While these can work, they may not provide the optimal sound and tonal characteristics that come with a proper set of 12-string guitar strings.
Conclusion
In summary, while electric 12-string guitars can technically be played with regular 6-string strings, utilizing a dedicated set of strings designed specifically for 12-string guitars is highly recommended for the best sound and performance. These strings are engineered to handle the unique tuning and are often lighter in gauge for the octave strings, ensuring a balanced and harmonious tone.
For most guitarists, the investment in a set of 12-string guitar strings is worth it for the superior sound quality. However, for those who want to save or experiment, using regular 6-string strings with the proper octave gauge can still provide a playable and evocative sound, albeit with some compromises in terms of tone and tuning stability.