Exploring 'Push' Chords in the Rhythmic Texture of Bossa Nova
Bossa Nova, known for its sophisticated rhythmic structures, often employs the technique of 'push' chords to add a layer of dynamic interplay between melody and harmony. This article delves into the definition, characteristics, and significance of these anticipatory harmonic shifts in the genre, complemented with musical examples.
Understanding 'Push' Chords
The term 'push' chords, as encountered in Bossa Nova music, refers to a specific type of syncopation where chord changes occur slightly before the expected pulse. This anticipatory pattern creates a sense of tension and release, enhancing the rhythmic and harmonic complexity of the music.
Characteristics of 'Push' Chords in Bossa Nova
8th note off-beat syncopation is a hallmark of both Bossa Nova melodies and chord rhythms. In typical Bossa Nova style, the thumb maintains a steady bass line on the downbeats, while the fingers play syncopated riffs that anticipate the upcoming chord changes. This rhythmic technique is integral to the gingando (swinging) style, where the harmonic shifts are particularly emphasized on chords like dominant 9 or 13.
Example: The anticipatory syncopation is evident when a chord change occurs a quarter or more frequently an 8th note earlier than one would anticipate. For instance, in a 4/4 time signature, a chord might be played on the and of 4, rather than waiting until the downbeat of 1.
Anticipation in Bossa Nova
The use of 'push' chords in Bossa Nova is not merely a stylistic preference but a strategic choice that underscores the genre's dynamic interplay between melody and harmony. This technique emphasizes the importance of rhythmic flexibility, allowing the melody to be more fluid and expressive.
Joo Gilberto, a pivotal figure in Bossa Nova, exemplifies the use of 'push' chords in a masterful manner. On records such as the iconic Getz/Gilberto, his chord changes often anticipate the bass line, providing a rhythmic counterpoint that enhances the overall musical texture.
Listening Example: Pay close attention to how Joo Gilberto’s chords shift just ahead of the bass, creating a smooth and seamless harmonic flow that defines the Bossa Nova sound.
Conclusion
The 'push' chord is a fundamental element in the rhythmic and harmonic fabric of Bossa Nova, adding to the genre's sophisticated interplay between melody, harmony, and rhythm. This technique, characterized by anticipatory chord changes, is a hallmark of the gingando style and is particularly effective with complex harmonic structures like dominant 9 or 13. By understanding and mastering this technique, musicians can achieve a more nuanced and dynamic performance of Bossa Nova.