Harmonizing the Chromatic Scale: Techniques and Patterns

The chromatic scale is a fundamental tool in music theory, comprising all twelve semitones of the Western music scale. This article delves into the art of harmonizing the chromatic scale using applied chords and diatonic triads.

Ascending Direction: Utilizing Applied Chords and Diatonic Triads

The ascending direction presents a unique challenge due to the consistent half-step progressions. A common approach is to use alternating applied chords and the diatonic triads they resolve to. This method ensures a smooth and progressional flow while maintaining harmonic interest.

Starting with the C major scale (C–D–E–F–G–A–B–C), we explore a harmonization technique that involves the following sequence:

c/C (resolve to the root of the next triad) c/A7 (resolve to the leading tone) d/Dm (continue with the next triad) d/B7 (resolve to the root of the next triad) e/Em (reflect the half-step from E to F)

Due to the half-step from E to F, a continuation using nondiatonic triads (F, A, and B) is not advisable. Instead, a substitution is often employed:

d7/C (resolve to C7 to ensure the harmonic flow continues) c/Em (allow the original pattern to continue with the triads F, G, and Am)

Descending Direction: Alternating Diminished 7th Chords

In the descending direction, the technique involves alternating diminished 7th chords which are then applied to triads, with the 7th resolving to the 5th of the triad. This method adds complexity and interest to the harmonization.

To demonstrate, let's use the C major scale in reverse (C–B–A–G–F–E–D–C). Here's the harmonization:

c/Cdim7 (start with the root) b/Cdim7 b/Dm a/Bdim7 g/Cdim7

At this point, a half-step from F to E introduces the following substitutions:

f/Adim7 g/Bdim7 e/Edim7

This substitution ensures that the bass pattern continues without interruption. While the transition from d to e may feel awkward melodically, it ultimately ensures a strong harmonic conclusion.

To achieve the final harmonic resolution, a root position G7 progresses to C (Cdim7), providing a satisfying chromatic motion in the inner voice:

C gG7 gE7 aFdim7

Conclusion and Further Exploration

Harmonizing the chromatic scale through applied chords and diatonic triads offers numerous possibilities for creative musical expression. Understanding these techniques can help composers and musicians explore new dimensions in their work, while also providing a structured approach to complex harmonic progressions.

By mastering the art of harmonizing the chromatic scale, musicians and composers can create compelling and distinctive musical pieces that captivate their audience. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced musician, these techniques are valuable tools in your musical toolkit.