Orchestra Tuning Up Before a Show: Techniques and Processes

Introduction

Before every orchestral performance, a meticulous process takes place to ensure that every instrument is in perfect tune. This article delves into the complexities of this essential pre-show ritual, exploring the techniques and processes used by professional and semi-professional string ensembles, the role of the concert master, and the nuances of tuning different instruments in the orchestra.

The Role of the Concert Master

The concert master, typically a seasoned violinist, initiates the tuning process. This role is crucial as the concert master serves as the primary reference point for the entire orchestra. Here’s a detailed look at how it unfolds:

The Start of the Tuning Process

The concert master begins by walking onto the podium and requesting the woodwinds to play an A note. This A note acts as the first reference point. Once the woodwinds have played and tuned to this A, the concert master then requests the brass section to do the same. In this manner, a foundational A note is established that serves as a reference for the entire orchestra.

Verifying the Concert Master's Instrument

Following the woodwinds, the concert master uses this established A to check the tuning of his or her own instrument. This step ensures consistency and accuracy across the ensemble. After this verification, the whole orchestra tunes to the concert master’s A note.

The Strings' Role in Tuning

For the string section, the process is slightly more intricate. Unlike other sections, the strings cannot be tuned individually. Instead, each musician relies on their ears and memory to tune their instrument accurately. Here’s how this process typically unfolds:

String Tuning Techniques

The concert master, in the string section, starts by playing the A note. String players then use this as a reference to tune their G, D, and E strings. For instance, a viola player might start with the G string, tuning it to the A string, ensuring a perfect fifth between them. This process is repeated for the D and A strings, with the viola player remembering the specific intervals and nuances for each string. This method ensures that the violin, viola, and cello sections all have a cohesive tuning, creating a seamless sound when combined.

String players use both tuning pegs and fine tuners to adjust their instruments. The choice between these depends on the specific instrument and the player’s preference. Fine tuners offer more precision, but tuning pegs provide a broader range of adjustment. This dual practice allows for the best of both worlds, ensuring that each string is perfectly tuned.

The Importance of Frequency A

The exact frequency of the A note can vary depending on the orchestra. For instance, the New York Philharmonic uses a 440 Hz A. This frequency is not universally standardized and can vary between different orchestras. The choice of frequency impacts the overall sound and the listening experience of the audience.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the tuning process in an orchestra is a complex and meticulously executed ritual that ensures the perfect blend of sounds. From the concert master setting the A note to the string players remembering intervals and adjusting their instruments, each step contributes to the overall harmony and quality of the orchestra's performance. Understanding these processes can deepen our appreciation for the art of orchestral music.