The Differences Between the German National Anthem and the Nazi National Anthem
Throughout history, national anthems have played a significant role in shaping national identity and fostering a sense of unity. This is particularly evident in the contrasting anthems of modern-day Germany and its past during the Nazi era. While both share the same melody, their lyrics and historical contexts differ greatly, reflecting the evolving nature of German society and its relationship with its past.
Lyrics and Composition
German National Anthem:
The current German national anthem, officially called the Sommer-Hymne (Summer Hymn) due to its original title, is known for its harmonious and inclusive lyrics. It was written by August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben in 1841, published in 1845, and officially adopted in 1952. The anthem begins with the iconic lines: "Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit, für das deutsche Vaterland!" which translates to "Unity and justice and freedom, for the German fatherland!"
The lyrics emphasize unity, justice, and freedom, with additional verses that promote the flourishing of the German fatherland in the light of happiness. These sentiments reflect a post-unification and post-war Germany, striving for peace, democracy, and progress.
The Nazi National Anthem: Horst-Wessel-Lied
The Horst-Wessel-Lied:
The Horst-Wessel-Lied (Horst Wessel Song) was adopted as the national anthem of Nazi Germany and was named after the Nazi Party member Horst Wessel, who died in 1930. The anthem was written in 1929 and became one of the most popular Nazi songs, used to rally and intimidate the population.
The song's lyrics are notably more aggressive and militaristic, celebrating the Nazi Party and their ideology. The first verse, which was official until the end of World War II, includes phrases like "The flag is high, our ranks are closed" and "The street is free for the brown battalions," which resonated with Nazi ideologies of Aryan purity, anti-communism, and militarism. This anthem served as a rallying cry for the Nazi regime, fostering a sense of unity and loyalty among its supporters.
Post-WWII Changes and Legal Status
After World War II and the fall of the Nazi regime, significant changes were made to the Horst-Wessel-Lied. The first verse, which contained explicit Nazi references, was outlawed to symbolize the rejection of the Nazi ideology. Today, only the third verse, beginning with 'Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit für das deutsche Vaterland,' is legally recognized as the national anthem. The anthem's melody remains unchanged, but its use is closely monitored and regulated to ensure it is not associated with the former regime’s ideology.
The Host-Wessel-Lied was banned in Germany and Austria, and both the lyrics and the tune are illegal under sections 86 and 86a of the Strafgesetzbuch, except for educational and scholarly purposes. This ensures that the memory of the Nazi era is preserved and not trivialized.
Conclusion
The differences between the German national anthems are not just about the lyrics but also reflect the broader contexts in which they were created and used. The modern German national anthem promotes unity, justice, and freedom, while the Nazi anthem was an instrument of propaganda and oppression. Understanding these differences is crucial for appreciating the evolution of German national identity and its commitment to democracy and human rights.