Understanding the Distinctions Between Fiddles and Violins: Beyond a Simple Nomenclature
Despite the casual observation that violins and fiddles are essentially the same instrument, there are several significant differences that separate them in the context of musical genres and playing techniques. This article delves into these distinctions, exploring the historical background, technical aspects, and cultural significance of each.
Introduction
Both violins and fiddles are stringed instruments, part of the larger violin family. However, their usage and cultural significance differ significantly, leading to various variations in playing methods and setups. Understanding these differences can provide a clearer picture of the unique features and applications of these instruments.
The Historical and Linguistic Background
The terms “fiddle” and “violin” share a common etymological origin. According to the Australian composer Percy Grainger, who famously referred to violins in his scores as “fiddles,” both terms are derived from the Latin word “vitula.” The word “fiddle” is a simplified version of “fiol,” which became “viol” in some languages.
The diminutive ending “-in” in “fiddle” and “violin” indicates that these terms originally referred to the same instrument, with “violin” being a more refined version. The variation in spelling and terminology can be traced back to differences in regional dialects and cultural preferences.
Differences in Playing Style and Setup
The primary difference between fiddles and violins lies in the style of music they are associated with and the subsequent changes in their playing techniques and setups.
Playing Style
Fiddles are typically associated with folk music and traditional music genres such as bluegrass and country. On the other hand, violins are predominantly used in classical music. This difference in genre often influences the playing style, with fiddles requiring more versatility and adaptability to accommodate various tonalities and techniques.
Setup and Playing Technique
Classically-trained violinists generally use a chin rest and a shoulder rest, which helps in stabilizing the instrument. The violin is held close to the left shoulder, creating a balanced and secure position for the instrument. Some advanced violinists might not use the shoulder rest, adapting their playing technique accordingly.
In contrast, old-time folk fiddlers might use a chin rest but often rely on holding the instrument firmly against their chest. This method, referred to as the “old-time” folk method, involves pressing the violin directly against the body for stability.
Bridges and Stringing
The bridge is a critical component of the violin and fiddle, as it affects the sound and playing characteristics. In classical music, the bridge is designed to optimize the instrument for sustained notes and a clear, resonant tone. For fiddling, the bridge might be slightly flatter and more flexible to produce a distinctive, bite-like sound that is favored in folk music.
Additionally, the strings used for fiddles are sometimes referred to as “strangs” with a distinct American Southern accent, highlighting the regional variations in terminology and playing techniques.
Conclusion
While violins and fiddles share a profound historical and linguistic connection, they are distinct in their musical applications and playing styles. Understanding these differences can enrich one’s appreciation of the diverse musical traditions that these instruments represent. Whether one is a classically-trained violinist or a folk fiddler, the choice of instrument and setup significantly influences the quality and style of the music produced.