What Are Jazz Scales?

Contrary to popular belief, there are no scales that are strictly exclusive to jazz. While jazz musicians do use certain scales more frequently, these scales are not unique inventions of the genre. In fact, the term 'jazz scales' is often misused, leading to confusion among musicians and students.

Understanding 'Jazz Scales'

One set of scales commonly referred to as 'jazz scales' consists of 7-note scales with a chromatic passing tone, making them 8-note scales. A prime example is the 'major with a passing tone' scale, which in C major would be: C D E F G G A B. This scale allows jazz musicians to play a scalar-type eighth-note line starting on any of the chord tones of C6 (C, E, G, A), move in any direction, and always land on a chord tone on a strong beat.

Common Jazz Scales Explained

Since jazz theory is rich and varied, specific scales that are commonly associated with jazz include:

Mixolydian scale: Often includes a chromatic passing tone, usually a major 7th. Dorian scale: Also features chromatic passing tones, often serving as a 'jazz scale' due to the tone structure.

However, it's important to note that jazz musicians will add chromatic passing tones between any two notes a tone apart, making the term 'jazz scale' primarily applicable to students and educational purposes.

Additional Jazz Scales

Besides the common 'jazz scales,' jazz musicians regularly incorporate a wide range of scales into their repertoire. Depending on individual guitarists, the list of scales they use can include:

Natural major (Ionian) scale Natural minor (Aeolian) scale Other modes: Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, and rarely Lycorian Bebop Scales: These scales extend the notes of the major and minor scales with additional chromatic notes for more expressive solos Chromatic scale Diminished scales (half-whole and whole tone scales) Pentatonic major/minor scales Variants such as the 'Blues Scale' Synthetic scales

These scales are fundamental to jazz improvisation, providing a vast palette of notes for musicians to draw upon when performing or composing.

Conclusion

Jazz scales are an essential part of the improvisational landscape in jazz music. Understanding these scales helps musicians navigate chord progressions and create lively, expressive solos. Whether you're a guitarist, pianist, or any other instrument, incorporating these scales into your practice can significantly enhance your understanding and expression in jazz music.